Table of Content

20 April 2023, Volume 23 Issue 02

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Guideline Interpretation

Interpreting the updates of the 2023 Version 1 NCCN hepatocellular carcinoma clinical practice guidelines

CHEN Xi, CHEN Jie, CHEN Tao, CHEN Ya-jin

2023, 23(02):  95-99.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-976X.2023.02.001

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Primary liver cancer（PLC） is one of the most common malignant tumors that seriously threaten the health of Chinese. In China, PLC is currently the second most prevalent cause of tumor death and the fourth most common type of malignancy, with 75% ~ 85% of cases being hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. Since 2023, the American National Comprehensive Cancer Network （NCCN） Hepatobiliary Duct Clinical Practice Guidelines have been published in a new layout, describing HCC and cholangiocarcinoma separately, which have distinctly different biological behaviors. The 2023 V1 edition of the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hepatobiliary Carcinoma （hereafter referred to as the new edition of the guidelines） was first published on March 10. The new edition of the guidelines has more updates than the 2022 V5 edition of the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hepatobiliary Ductal Carcinoma regarding HCC, covering more than ten important topics such as screening, diagnosis, and treatment principles, which are of significant reference for China and detailed in this article.

Original Articles and Clinical Research

The analysis of application value of preoperative peripheral blood circulating tumor DNA in the prediction of microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma

CHENG Nuo, REN Qing-qi, YUAN Jian-ling, WU Liu-sheng, LIN Ze-wei

2023, 23(02):  100-105.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-976X.2023.02.002

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Objective This study was conducted to investigate the value of ctDNA derived from peripheral blood in predicting microvascular invasion （MVI） of HCC. Methods The retrospective case-control study was performed, and the patients with a diagnosis of HCC from Peking University Hospital were enrolled, whose clinical data related to tumor and the peripheral blood ctDNA were collected. The MVI was diagnosed by the pathological analysis of the tumor specimens collected intraoperatively. Results Fifty-nine patients were enrolled in this study, including 37 cases with MVI and 22 cases without MVI. The independent risk factors related to MVI were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate analysis with the Logistic retrospective model. Result of receiver operating characteristic curve （ROC）： the cut-off value of ctDNA score level in predicting microvascular invasion of HCC was 0.80, and the area under curve was 0.813. The analysis of influencing factors for microvascular invasion： univariate analysis： ALT>40 U/L, higher TNM, BCLC stage, larger tumor size （>3.5 cm） and ctDNA >0.80 were related to MVI in HCC. And multiple-factor analysis showed that ctDNA >0.80, larger tumor size（>3.5 cm） and late TNM stage were independent risk factors for the development of MVI. The nomogram constructed based on these screened risk factors directly predicted the risk of MVI in HCC patients. Comparison of clinical data of different levels of HCC patient： 59 HCC patients were divided into low ctDNA score group of 32 cases and high ctDNA group of 27 cases based on the cut-off value of ctDNA score. And the case of AFP>400 ng/mL, TBIL>12 μmol/L, APTT>39.5 s, PIVKA-II>40 mAU/mL, the largest size of tumor >3.5 cm and microvascular invasion respectively were significant differenct in the above indicators between these two groups. Conclusion The preoperative ctDNA derived from peripheral blood can be used to predict the preoperative microvascular invasion in HCC, and has a reference significance to the preoperative individualized treatment.

Analysis of the efficacy of 449 cases within 10 mm common bile duct stones by different methods in endoscopic extraction

WANG Zhong-hui, WANG Wei-chun, ZHANG Geng, SU Shu-ying

2023, 23(02):  106-110.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-976X.2023.02.003

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Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of different devices to remove common bile duct stones within 10 mm in ERCP, to provide basis for clinical selection of different stone extractionmethods. Methods To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 449 patients who underwent endoscopic removal of common bile duct stones within 10 mm in our hospital from April 2017 to April 2020. According to the different methods of stone removal, they were divided into the basket catheter combined with balloon catheter group （161 cases, A group） the simple balloon catheter group （94 cases, B group）and the simple basket catheter group （194 cases, C group）. The differences in the one-time clearance rate of common bile duct stones, the rate of short-term complications, and the stone recurrence rate were contrasted to the three groups. Results The one-time stone clearance rates of the A group, B group and C group were 97.5%, 94.7% and 91.2%, respectively. The one-time clearance rate of thea group and the B group was higher than that of the C group, and there was a statistically significant difference （χ²=6.406, P=0.041）. The rate of hyperamylaseemia in the A, B and C group was 14.9%, 19.1% and 9.8%, and the rate of PEP was 4.3%, 6.4% and 3.1%, respectively. The rate of bleeding were 0.6%, 2.1% and 2.6% respectively. And there were all no statistically significant difference（P>0.05）. The recurrence rates of common bile duct stones in A group, B group and C group were 1.9%、4.3% and 7.7% respectively. The recurrence rate of the A group and the B group was lower than that of the C group, and there was a statistically significant difference （χ²=6.609, P=0.037）. Separately compare the A group with the B group, the one-time clearance rates of common bile duct stones were 97.5% and 94.7%, the rate of hyperamylaseemia were 14.9% and 19.1%, the rate of PEP were 4.3% and 6.4%, the rate of bleeding were 0.6% and 2.1%, the recurrence rates of common bile duct stones were 1.9% and 4.3%, respectively. The one-time stone clearance rate of the A group was slightly higher than that of the B group. The short-term complication rate and the long-term stone recurrence rate of the A group were slightly lower than those of the B group, but the difference was not statistically significant （P>0.05）. Conclusion For endoscopic extraction of common bile duct stones within 10 mm, the combination of basket and balloon catheterhas increased one kind of extraction instrument, surgical procedure, management time and part of the operation costs, but it has higher one-time stone clearance rate, lower short-term complication rate and lower long-term stone recurrence rate. In clinical practice, we suggest to select the method of the basket combined with balloon catheter lithotomy.

Expression and prognostic value of HMGN gene family inhepatocellular carcinoma

CAI Dian-kui, LI Ang, YANG Si-jia, WEI Jin-xing, MIN Jun

2023, 23(02):  111-117.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-976X.2023.02.004

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Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression level of HMGN gene family in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and its correlation with clinical prognosis by bioinformatics method. Methods The TCGA and GEO database was used to analyze the expression level of HMGN family members in HCC tissues and normal liver tissue, and to further analyze the expression level of HMGN family members in different stages of HCC. Then, the correlation between the expression level of HMGN gene family and prognosis of HCC patients was analyzed by GEPIA database. Finally, prognostic risk model of HCC was constructed by LASSO analysis, and the prediction effect of the model was evaluated. Results The expression levels of HMGN1, HMGN2 and HMGN4 in HCC tissues were significantly higher than those in normal tissues. The expression levels of HMGN1, HMGN2, HMGN3 and HMGN4 in stage Ⅰ of HCC were significantly lower than those in stage Ⅱ and Stage Ⅲ. The expressions of HMGN1, HMGN2 and HMGN4 were negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients with HCC. The expression of HMGN1, HMGN2, HMGN3 and HMGN4 was negatively correlated with the disease-free survival of patients with HCC. Prognosic risk models based on HMGN2, HMGN3 and HMGN4 can evaluate the prognosis of patients with HCC. Conclusion HMGN1, HMGN2 and HMGN4 can be used as novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets of HCC.

Application of Sleeping Beauty transposon in screening lung cancer-related genes

ZHU Xiang-ping, GAO Zeng-hong, MA Ruo-wu, WANG Jin, LIU Ying, GUO Ya-bin

2023, 23(02):  118-126.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-976X.2023.02.005

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Objective To explore the application of Sleeping Beauty transposon in screening lung cancer related genes. Methods The Sleeping Beauty transposon was used to insert T2/Onc cassette to mutate HBEC （human bronchial epithelial cells）. The positive clones were selected and the CIS （common insertion sites） and candidate genes were screened by high-throughput sequencing. The function of COL11A1 was verified in non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） cell line NCI-H1299. CCK-8 cell proliferation and other assays were used to detect the proliferation ability and cisplatin sensitivity of NCI-H1299 cell line before and after knocking down COL11A1. Transwell migration and invasion assays were used to compare the migration and invasion ability of them. Results CIS were determined by Monte Carlo Simulation, which is commonly used in transposon screening. A total of 252 CIS were found with P<0.05 as the bound, including 675 candidate genes. The COL11A1 can promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） cell line NCI-H1299 and mediate cisplatin resistance. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the model of mutagenesis of HBEC by SB transposon insertion into T2/Onc can well screen lung cancer-related genes, and confirmed that COL11A1 could promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC and mediate cisplatin resistance and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

High expression of RAI14 promotes bone metastasis in prostate cancer and is associated with poor prognosis

FAN Hui-yang, LAI Yi-ming, ZHOU Jie, CHEN Yong-ming, TANG Chen, LI Ling-feng, WU Yongxin, GUO Zheng-hui

2023, 23(02):  127-134.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-976X.2023.02.006

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Objective To investigate the correlation between the high expression of RAI14 in prostate cancer cell lines and poor prognosis, as well as its promotion and mechanism of bone metastasis in prostate cancer. Methods Screening the differentially expressed genes most closely related to bone metastasis of prostate cancer through bioinformatics analysis of the database； Explore the expression of RAI14 in prostate cancer cell lines through PCR experiments and explore the relationship between RAI14 and disease free survival through statistical analysis； Using transwell migration and invasion experiments and in vitro co culture experiments to explore the impact of RAI14 on the progression of prostate cancer； Preliminary exploration of the downstream signal pathway of RAI14 through bioinformatics analysis and western blot experiments. Results Survival analysis and clinical correlation analysis showed that RAI14 was most closely related to bone metastasis of prostate cancer； RAI14 was highly expressed in prostate cancer cell lines and had a lower disease-free survival rate； In vitro functional experiments and bioinformatics analysis showed that RAI14 can promote bone metastasis of prostate cancer； Through bioinformatics analysis and WB experiments, it was found that RAI14 plays a role by activating the AKT pathway. Conclusion In the present study, RAI14 was highly expressed in prostate cancer promoted the progression of prostate cancer, regulated bone metastasis of prostate cancer by activating AKT signaling pathways, and was related to poor prognosis.

The associations of VISTA and PD-1/PD-L1 expression in UCB with immunosuppressive TME and tumor progression

OU Zi-wei, WANG Bo, ZHONG Wen-long, HUANG Jian

2023, 23(02):  135-144.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-976X.2023.02.007

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Objective The aim of this article was to preliminarily identify the components of tumor microenvironment （TME） characterized by high expression of V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation（VISTA） and/or Programmed cell Death-1 （PD-1）/PD-1 Ligand （PD-L1） utilizing the public databases and our cohort, and test the efficacy of combination therapy of VISTA blockade and PD-1 blockade in mouse subcutaneous urothelial carcinoma of bladder （UCB） model. Methods We utilized TCGA-UCB dataset to screen out differentially expressing genes （DEGs） in tumors with high expression of VISTA and/or PD-1/PD-L1. The differentially enriched pathways were confirmed by GO （Gene Ontology） pathway enrichment analysis. Immune cell composition of the TME with high/low expression of VISTA and/or PD-1/PD-L1 was evaluated by cibersort analysis, which was verified on a protein level using our own cohort. The associations of high expression of VISTA and/or PD-1/PD-L1 with clinicopathological characteristics were accessed in our cohort. We established subcutaneous mouse UCB model and tested the anti-tumor efficacy of VISTA blockade plus PD-1 blockade by monitoring the tumor growth. Results In TCGA-UCB dataset, high expression of VISTA was associated with multiple immunoinhibitory pathways, increased infiltration of M2 macrophages and CD8⁺ T cells and immunosuppressive molecules such as CD163 and MRC1. VISTA was positively associated with multiple immunosuppressive immune checkpoints including PD-1 and PD-L1. Simultaneous high expression of VISTA and PD-1/PD-L1 was associated with M1 macrophage and CD8⁺ T cell infiltration and immunoinhibitory molecules such as CD163 and MRC1. In our own UCB cohort, VISTA was also positively associated with PD-1/PD-L1 expression. Simultaneous high expression of VISTA and PD-1/PD-L1 was associated with higher T stage, histological grade and CD8⁺ T cell infiltration. Combination of VISTA and PD-1 blockade in subcutaneous mouse UCB model showed greater inhibition of tumor growth. Conclusion In this study, we used TCGA-UCB dataset and our own UCB cohort and found that high expression of VISTA was associated with immunosuppressive TME. Simultaneous high expression of VISTA and PD-1/PD-L1 presented different TME features and associated with advanced clinicopathological characteristics of UCB patients. VISTA blockade plus PD-1 blockade exhibited stronger anti-tumor efficacy. These findings provided theoretical support for the application of combination of VISTA and PD-1 blockade in UCB immunotherapy.

A prospective control study on the block of posterior branch of spinal nerve combined with percutaneous kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures

LI Tian, CHEN Tai-qiu, HONG Quan, LIN Jia-yang, LIN Ke-xin, LIN Ben-dan

2023, 23(02):  145-151.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-976X.2023.02.008

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Objective To explore the therapeutic effect and safety of the combined application of percutaneous kyphoplasty （PKP）and posterior spinal nerve root block on patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture （OVCF）. Methods A total 103 patients diagnosed with OVCF in the Department of Orthopedics of Jieyang People's Hospitalfrom October 2021 to October 2022, were included in this study. The patients were divided randomly into PKP group （n=51） and PKP+block group （n=52）. The baseline data including age, gender, bone mineral density and surgical segments were collected and recorded and the clinical function scale evaluation was measured and compared between two groups, including Oswestry Disability Index （ODI）, Barthel scale （MBI） and visual analog scale （VAS） in pre-operation, 1 daypostoperatively （POD1）, 7 days postoperatively （POD7） and 3 months postoperatively. Results There were no significant differences in age, bone mineral density, ODI, MBI and VAS between（all P values > 0.05）. On the POD1, the ODI, MBI and VAS score in PKP+block group weresuperior to that of PKP group （all P values < 0.05）. On the POD7, the VAS and ODI of PKP+block group were better than that of PKP group （P < 0.05）. And the VAS, ODI and MBI of PKP+block group were also better than that of PKP group in the 3 months after operation （all P values < 0.05）. Conclusion This study showed that in the patients with OVCF, surgical procedure of PKP+block was superior to PKP alone in short-term and long-term effects and the safety.

Prognostic and immunological role of sialyltransferase ST6GALNAC1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

WU Kang-xiu, LI Zhi-guo, LIU Sui-ping, SU Hong-jun, XIONG Min-min

2023, 23(02):  152-161.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-976X.2023.02.009

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Objective To investigate the expression of ST6GALNAC1 and its prognostic and immunological value in HNSCC by bioinformatics analysis. Methods The transcriptome data of HNSCC were obtained from TCGA database and an R package Limma was used to screen abnormally expressed glycosyltransferase genes. UALCAN database was leveraged to investigate the correlation between ST6GALNAC1 expression levels and distinct clinical signatures. GEPIA2 website was used to conduct survival analysis. The correlation between ST6GALNAC1 expression levels and tumor-associated fibroblasts was explored by harnessing TIMER2.0 database. The R package IOBR was exploited to calculate the score of the immune infiltrating cells, and the Sangerbox tool was utilized to visualize the disparities in the expression levels of the checkpoint and HLA genes. ST6GALNAC1-related genes were enriched by STRING, GEPIA2, and Sangerbox. The WB and qRT-PCR were adopted to detect the expression of ST6GALNAC1.Results A glycosyltransferase ST6GALNAC1 was found significantly downregulated in HNSCC and its expression levels were associated with tumor clinical pathology grade, age, and lymph node metastasis of HNSCC patients （P<0.05）. Patients with low expression of ST6GALNAC1 have substantially shorter overall survival（OS）and progression-free survival（DFS）（P<0.05）. The ST6GALNAC1 expression was negatively correlated with immune cell infiltration in tumor tissue, expression of immune checkpoint genes and HLA genes. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that ST6GALNAC1 genes were mainly involved in the biosynthesis of glycoproteins. The experiment results showed us the decreased expression of ST6GALNAC1 in Cal27 cells. Conclusion Sialyltransferase ST6GALNAC1 was down-regulated in HNSCC, which may be associated with inferior outcomes and immune infiltration of HNSCC patients. The expression of ST6GALNAC1 was down-regulated in Cal27 cells. ST6GALNAC1 may be a novel therapeutic target for HNSCC.

Effect and mechanism of FST on proliferation, invasion and migration of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

SONG Pan, WU Tao-wei, CHENG Tan, WANG Jing-yi, HAN Ping

2023, 23(02):  162-169.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-976X.2023.02.010

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Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of FST on proliferation, invasion and migration ability of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma （HNSCC） cells. Methods The expression levels of FST in HNSCC cell lines HSC-3, Fadu, Tu686 and normal human oral epithelial cells HOK were determined by real-time quantitative PCR （qRT-PCR） and Western blot. FST knockdown cell lines were constructed using siRNA and shRNA. The effects of FST knockdown on proliferation, invasion and migration ability of HNSCC cells were analyzed by CCK8 assay, cell cloning formation assay, Transwell invasion and migration test and subcutaneous tumorigenesis test in nude mice. The total RNA of FST knockdown cell lines and the control group was sent to transcriptome sequencing analysis, and signal pathway enrichment analysis was performed for differentially expressed genes. Verification of possible signaling pathways was performed by qRT-PCR. The apoptosis of tumor cells was detected by flow cytometry and Western blot. Results The mRNA and protein expression levels of FST in Tu686, Fadu and HSC-3 were higher than those in HOK. After knockdown of FST, the number of tumor cells passing through the Transwell chamber decreased, the number of clones formed decreased, the proliferation rate of tumor cells slowed down and the subcutaneous tumor volume of nude mice were smaller compared with control group. Transcriptome sequencing results of FST knockdown tumor cells and control group showed that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in TGFβ signaling pathway. After FST knockdown, the proportion of apoptotic tumor cells was increased, and the expression of apoptosis-related protein Casepase3 was up-regulated. Conclusion After FST knockdown in HNSCC cells, tumor proliferation, invasion, migration ability and stemness were weakened, which may be related to TGFβ signaling pathway.

Evaluating the role of TEAD2 in the diagnosis and therapy of glioma based on database mining

LEI Rong, LI Xun, HE Shi-shi, NIE Yan

2023, 23(02):  170-179.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-976X.2023.02.011

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Objective The expression level of transcription-enhanced association domain protein-2 （TEAD2） in glioma and its clinical significance were analyzed by mining the database. Methods Timer 2.0 database, UCSC database and CCLE database were used to analyze the expression level of TEAD2 in pan-cancer. Single-cell analysis was performed using the CGGA database and the GBM online database. The relationship between TEAD2 and the clinical characteristics of glioma was analyzed by using R in the CGGA database and TCGA database. Kaplan-Meier was used for survival analysis and COX regression was used for prognostic factor screening. Gene Ontology （GO） analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways （KEGG） were used for functional enrichment of TEAD2-related genes. CCK8 assay and flow cytometry were used to investigate the effects of TEAD2 small molecule drugs on the proliferation and cell cycle of glioma cells. Results The expression level of TEAD2 was increased in various tumor tissues. In glioma, TEAD2 was highly enriched in tumor tissues and mainly expressed in tumor cells. TEAD2 was correlated with glioma WHO clinicopathological stage, IDH mutation status, and chromosome 1p/19q co-deletion. Patients with high expression of TEAD2 had worse prognosis, and TEAD2 could be used as an independent prognostic factor for glioma. Functional enrichment results suggested that TEAD2 might be involved in the cell cycle, DNA replication in glioma. TEAD2 small molecule drugs inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells and caused cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Conclusion TEAD2 is highly expressed in glioma and can be used as a potential therapeutic and diagnostic target for glioma.

Analysis of protein interaction patterns and characteristics of U1 snRNA in cancer

TIAN Bin, YANG Bing, MA Xing-Yu, YANG Zhi-Zhi, LIAO Jian-You

2023, 23(02):  180-189.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-976X.2023.02.012

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Objective The interaction proteins of U1 snRNA in tumor cells were systematically identified by CHIRP-MS technology. We established a high-throughput interaction protein map of U1 snRNA to study the new biological function and molecular regulation mechanism of U1 snRNA in tumor cells.Methods The biotin-labeled U1 snRNA probe captured the interaction protein binding with U1 snRNA, and some samples were taken to purify the protein and RNA. First, the enrichment effect of the probe was confirmed by qPCR and gel silver staining. Then the obtained protein was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Finally, the GO, KEGG, protein complex enrichment analysisand PPI analysis were performed by bioinformatics. Results We have identified 135 highly reliable U1 snRNA binding proteins, including 60 known and 75 new U1 snRNA binding proteins. Bioinformatics analysis, such as pathway enrichment, showed that U1 snRNA coordinated and regulated multiple biological processes such as RNA splicing, intracellular transport, localization, telomere, and epigenetics. In addition, the protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed that tumor-related proteins such as ESWR1 may mediate the tumor regulatory function of U1 snRNA. Conclusion In this study, the U1 snRNA interaction protein map was established for the first time in the world, revealing the multiple biological functions of U1 snRNA in tumor cellsand providing a theoretical basis for further study of U1 snRNA's involvement in tumor development, prevention, and treatment.

Case Report

A Hem-o-lok clip caused the abscess in the right lower quadrant and the formation of sinus tract of the abdominal wall after laparoscopic appendectomy-a short report

LEI Li, WU Min-han, YANG Zhi-lin, HUO Jing-shan

2023, 23(02):  190-192.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-976X.2023.02.013

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Stump appendicitis, abdominal abscesses and even abdominal wall sinus tract formation after laparoscopic appendectomy （LA） are among the rare complications of LA, and although the factors causedthis complications are difficult to determine, they are related to the intraoperative local condition of the ileocecal region and the way for closure of appendiceal stump which includes suture ligation, intracorporeal knotting, DS clip, Hem-o-lok clip. In our department, we admitted a patient who had a right lower intra-abscess and abdominal wall sinus formation due to suspected Hem-o-lok clip off after laparoscopic appendicitis, and needed a reoperation for postoperative complications in March 2002. This clinical practice is relatively rare, so the report was as follows.

Review

Advance of adjuvant therapy after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma

GUAN Yu-ting, ZENG Guo-bin, CHEN Jian-ping, WU Xiong-jian

2023, 23(02):  193-199.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-976X.2023.02.014

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The high recurrence rate and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC） after surgery still hinders the improvement of patients' survival. Reducing the recurrence rate after hepatectomy is the key prolonging the recurrence-free survival and reducing extrahepatic recurrence. For patients with high risk of recurrence after surgery, there is no standard therapy procedure to prevent recurrence after radical resection of HCC. This article discusses the progress of adjuvant therapy that may reduce the risks of recurrence and improve the survival rate after hepatectomy, including transcatheter arterial chemoembolization （TACE）, molecular targeted therapy and adjuvant immunotherapy, antiviral and other local therapies, and combination therapy. The paradigm with selective personalized combination therapy may be the development trend of prevention and treatment of postoperative recurrence of HCC, but this still needs further research for verification.

Advances in clinical research on novel coronavirus infections combined with venous thromboembolism： based on current evidence-based evidence

XU Jia-tang, CAO Lin, ZENG Xiao-ying, SHEN Run-nan, YOU Guo-chang, HUANG Kai

2023, 23(02):  200-204.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-976X.2023.02.015

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Novel coronavirus infection can easily cause a disturbance in the body's coagulation function, leading to the occurrence of venous thromboembolism（VTE）. Anticoagulation therapy based on low-molecular heparin（LMWH） is currently the preferred method for thrombosis prevention and treatment, and it is of great clinical significance to evaluate and perform early scientific and rational thrombosis prevention in combination with an advanced and well-developed scoring system.This article provides a comprehensive review of the clinical research progress on novel coronavirus infection combined with VTE, providing more decision-making references for clinical doctors treating such patients.