Abstract: Delicate and complex interactions between epithelial cells, immune cells, and luminal microbiota determine mucosal homeostasis. The stimulation of the intestine may lead to intestinal damage （intestinal barrier damage）, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy of abdominal tumors, inflammatory bowel disease, and intestinal stress, the latter such as trauma, shock, inflammation. The damaged intestinal epithelial barrier and the accompanying excessive immune response to the intestinal microbiota lead to inflammatory bowel disease and enteritis. At the same time, the increased intestinal permeability （bacterial translocation） caused by the intestinal barrier damage may result ininjury in extraintestinal tissues and organs. Glutamine （Gln） is a truly functional amino acid in nutrition. Dietary Gln has been shown to be important formaintenance of the intestinal mucosal barrier by regulatingexpression of genes and proteins involved in cellproliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, protein turnover,anti-oxidative property, and immunity responses. However, the underlying mechanism of Gln is still largely unknown. Therefore, the important role of glutamine continues to motivate researchers in experimental animal, basic and clinical research. This article reviews the mechanism of intestinal barrier damage and the pharmacological effects of glutamine on intestinal injury. It is necessary to better understand the role of glutamine and improve the nutritional utilization of glutamine in organisms.

Key words: pharmacology, glutamine, intestinal barrier, damage

摘要： 肠粘膜上皮细胞、粘膜下免疫细胞和肠腔微生物群之间微妙而复杂的相互作用决定了黏膜的内环境平衡。肠道受到不良刺激情况下可能导致肠损伤,或者肠屏障的破坏,如腹部肿瘤的化疗和放疗、炎性肠病以及肠应激状态下反应,后者如创伤、休克、炎症。受损的上皮屏障和伴随的对肠道微生物群的过度免疫反应导致腹痛、腹泻和炎性肠病,同时肠屏障破坏所致的肠通透性增加可能是引发肠外组织与脏器损伤的因素。谷氨酰胺在营养中是一种真正的具有功能性的氨基酸。膳食或补充的谷氨酰胺通过调节参与细胞增殖、分化和凋亡、蛋白质周转、抗氧化性和免疫反应的基因和蛋白表达,对维持肠黏膜屏障具有重要作用。但谷氨酰胺作用的潜在机制在很大程度上仍然是未知的,因此,谷氨酰胺的重要作用不断激励研究人员在实验动物、基础和临床研究。本文回顾了肠屏障受损的机制及谷氨酰胺对肠道损伤药理作用,对于更好地理解谷氨酰胺的作用以及改善生物体内谷氨酰胺的营养利用是必要的。

关键词: 损伤, 肠屏障, 药理, 谷氨酰胺