Abstract: ［Abstract］ Objective Mycobacterium fortuitum belongs to the rapidly growing mycobacteria， which is widely distributed in nature， but the clinical cases of mycobacterium fortuitum infectionin in orthopedics rarely reported. Now， we shared a clinical case of our hospital to provide reference for clinical treatment. Methods The process of laboratory examination， clinical features and treatment were analyzed retrospectively. Results Non?tuberculous mycobacterium infection can be easily misdiagnosed with mycobacterium tuberculosis infection， or missed during diagnose. The conventional bacterial culture is difficult to find the infection caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum， and its treatment has a loug-term process. Conclusion More and more non?tuberculosis mycobacterium infection are reported， the isolation， culture and identification of non?tuberculous Mycobacteria are of great significance to clinical practice.

Key words: non?tuberculous mycobacteria, mycobacterium fortuitum, joint, orthopaedic

摘要： ［摘要］ 目的 偶发分枝杆菌属于快速生长的分枝杆菌，在自然界分布广泛，但其导致的骨科感染病例少见报道，现分析我院骨科感染偶发分枝杆菌病例一例，为临床治疗提供参考。方法 回顾分析其实验室检查过程、临床特点及治疗过程，并随访其治疗效果。结果 非结核分枝杆菌容易漏诊、误诊，常规细菌培养不易检出，其导致的感染难以控制，且治疗过程较长。结论 非结核分枝杆菌导致的感染报道越来越多，但是治疗过程较复杂，治疗时间较长，其分离、培养及鉴定对临床有着极其重要的意义。

关键词: 非结核分枝杆菌, 关节, 骨科, 偶发分枝杆菌