Abstract: ［Abstract］ Hepatoma ranks the sixth in the incidence of cancer and the second in the global tumor?related mortality. Patients with hepatoma have an extremely low survival rate due to difficult early diagnosis, rapid disease progression and lack of targeted drugs. Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）is greatly limited due to the wide variety of risk factors（including genetic susceptibility, morphological diversity and microenvironment）. Therefore, based on the heterogeneity of individual patients with hepatoma, precision medicine provides a new perspective for individualized diagnosis and targeted treatment of cancer, and even enables us to carry out pre?clinical screening of tumors in high?risk groups. This paper reviews the advances in the early diagnosis, molecular classification, signal disorders and individualized treatment of hepatoma.

Key words: early diagnosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoma, individualized treatment

摘要： ［摘要］肝癌在癌症发病率中排名第六，在全球肿瘤相关死亡率中排名第二。由于肝癌早期诊断困难，疾病进展快速和缺乏靶向药物，肝癌患者的存活率极低。由于其各种危险因素（包括遗传易感性，形态学多样性和微环境）的差异巨大，肝癌的早期检测受到极大的限制。故基于肝癌个体患者的异质性，精准医疗为癌症的个体化诊断和靶向治疗提供了新的视角，甚至让我们能够在高风险人群中进行肿瘤的临床前筛查。本文将对肝癌的早期诊断、分子分类、信号失调和个体化治疗等方面的进展进行综述。

关键词: 肝癌, 个性化治疗, 肝细胞肝癌, 早期诊断